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Category: Y-DNA Haplogroups
Y-DNA Haplogroup E is the most prominent group for individual of African descent. Haplogroup E and its subclades encompass episodes from early Stone Age migrations to the spread of Bantu farmers 2,000-4,000 years ago to recent slave-trading in the 19th century that brought men with this haplogroup to the New World. Learn about the history and distribution of this ancient African group.
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Category: Y-DNA Haplogroups
Learn about how this haplogroup with strong Middle Eastern roots has placed a large part in shaping populations throughout Europe.
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Category: Y-DNA Haplogroups
It's the dominant group of Europe, playing one of the largest roles of shaping modern day European populations. Find out how this extremely large group with diverse branches has spread throughout Europe and how each subclade of Y-DNA Haplogroup R formed further finer branches of the Haplogroup R tree.
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Category: Y-DNA Haplogroups
With strong traces in Northern Europe, this group has made a great impact in Europe, even playing a large role in Viking ancestry. Find out more about Y-DNA Haplogroup I and its descendents.
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Category: Y-DNA Haplogroups
The majority of Y-DNA haplogroup L can be found within the Indian subcontinent, accounting for a large proportion of Indian Y-chromosomes. Y-DNA Haplogroup L also occurs in the Middle East, and at low frequencies in Central Asia, along the Mediterranean coast of Europe, and in western Europe
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Category: Y-DNA Haplogroups
Learn how Y-DNA Haplogroup G helped shape present day Middle Eastern societies and how it plays a significant role in the peopling of modern day India.
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Category: Y-DNA Haplogroups
Y-DNA Haplogroup Q is widespread at low frequencies throughout the Middle East, Asia and Siberia, and at high frequencies in the Americas. In Eurasia, Haplogroup Q is mainly found in Siberian populations and in particular within two Siberian populations: the Kets (93.8%) and the Selkups (66.4%). The Kets are thought to be the only survivors of ancient nomads that lived in Siberia and their population size is very small; as of 2002, there were fewer than 1500 Kets in Russia. The Selkups have a slightly larger population size than the Kets, but it is still a relatively small population (approximately 4,250 in 2002). The Selkups are thought to represent a long history of interbreeding between aboriginal Siberians and Samoyedic people.
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Category: Y-DNA Haplogroups
Our discussion will cover human history that dates back more than 65,000 years (65kya) and encompasses a large number of major empires and events in Asian history. For example, Genghis Khan (c. 1162-1227), the Mongol leader of what has been considered the largest empire in human civilization, has left his genetic stamp on a vast Asian territory based on evidence for a Y-chromosome legacy shared among ~16 million men and this modern conqueror. He is possibly the single largest contributor to the male gene pool on earth today. The chronicle of male ancestry of East Asia is also a complex story that has many mysteries and is still yielding new and fundamental information about the evolution of humans on earth.
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Category: Y-DNA Haplogroups
The eras that shaped male Asian Ancestry following the initial settlements of territories in East Asia were driven by rapid population expansions in the South and migrations to Oceania. In the North, a nomadic lifestyle resulted in probably two separate migrations into North America through the Beringia land bridge. What features characterized the Asian populations participating in these migrations?
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Category: Y-DNA Haplogroups
There have been many relatively recent migration events that have created the present Y-chromosome landscape across East Asia. Some of these episodes have strong correlations to the spread of agricultural practices while others can be linked to historical conquests and empire-building and both may have been the impetus in the spread of languages. The most notable of the recent colonizations is the creation of the Mongol Empire by Genghis Khan.
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Category: Y-DNA Haplogroups
Haplogroup O, defined by SNP marker M175, is thought to have appeared in East Asia approximately 35,000 years ago. This haplogroup shares a node in the Y-chromosomal phylogenetic tree with Haplogroup N, which is common in North Eurasia. The man carrying the SNP M175 was likely part of a migrating tribe whose progress was blocked by high mountain ranges; some of the tribe was forced north (leading to Haplogroup N), whereas another group, including the ancestor of Haplogroup O, continued east. The migrants continued east across the southern part of Siberia and eventually crossed into Asia. Today, Haplogroup O can be detected across Asia and Oceania.
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Category: Y-DNA Haplogroups
Individuals who have taken the Haplogroup R Subclade test may benefit from selectively testing newly discovered SNPs that are relevant to their particular subclade.
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Category: Y-DNA Haplogroups
Find out what's new in Version 2 of the I Subclade Test Panel.
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